m81 (Jerome Proust)

Celestial hemisphere: Northern · Constellation: Ursa Major (UMa) · Contains: Bode's Galaxy · M 81 · NGC 3031

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m81

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m81

M81 est une galaxie située dans la constellation de la Grande Ourse, à 2° au sud-est de 24 UMa. Elle fut découverte par Johann Elert Bode le 31 décembre 1774, puis indépendamment par Pierre Méchain en 1779 qui la signala à son ami Charles Messier.

M81 est une galaxie spirale d'un diamètre relativement modeste de 60 000 années-lumière. En 1993, l'observation d'une trentaine de céphéides par le télescope Hubble a permis d'estimer la distance de la galaxie à 11,8 millions d'années-lumière, ce qui en fait l'une des plus proches de la nôtre. Elle fait partie du même groupe de galaxies que M82, l'Amas de M81 (en) (le groupe G2 de la liste de Vaucouleurs). Ce groupe fait partie du superamas de la Vierge, de même que notre groupe local.

La plupart des émissions aux longueurs d'onde infrarouges proviennent des poussières interstellaires[10],[11]. Cette poussière interstellaire se trouve principalement dans les bras spiraux des galaxies, et il a été montré qu'elle est liée aux régions d'étoiles en formation[10],[11]. L'explication généralement retenue est que les étoiles bleues présentes dans ces régions, étoiles chaudes et à faible durée de vie, échauffent ces poussières et augmentent ainsi leurs émissions infrarouges.

M81 ne peut être vue sans instrument. Elle est nettement visible avec des jumelles du fait de sa magnitude de 6,9. Dans un télescope de 114 mm, le noyau apparaît comme lumineux et entouré d'un halo diffus. Un instrument de 350 mm et de bonnes conditions d'observations sont nécessaires pour déceler les bras spiraux de la galaxie.

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Distribution of astrophotographers

This table shows the number of distinct astrophotographers who have been assigned and IOTD/TP award compared to the total number of images awarded.
	Distinct awarded users	Total awarded images
Image of the day
Top picks
Top pick nominations

Distribution of subject types

This table shows the distribution of awards per subject type, compared to the popularity of images of that subject type.
	Image of the day	Top pick	Top pick nominations	Total submitted
Deep sky
Solar system
Extremely wide field
Star trails
Northern lights
Noctilucent clouds
Landscape

Distribution of data sources

This table shows the distribution of awards per data source, compared to the popularity of images acquired from that data source.
	Image of the day	Top pick	Top pick nominations	Total submitted
Backyard
Traveller
Own remote observatory
Amateur hosting facility
Public amaeteur data
Professional, scientific grade data
Mix of multiple sources
Other
Unknown

The “AstroBin Image of the Day and Top Picks”, or IOTD/TP, is a long-running system to promote beautiful, interesting, peculiar, or otherwise amazing astrophotographs, with a focus on technical excellence. Learn more.

Submitted The date and time when you submitted this image for IOTD/TP consideration.	...
Views by Submitters (available since September 19th, 2023) Every image is assigned to 50% of available Submitters. In the event that at least 80% of them don't view the image before its time in the IOTD/TP process expires, it's assigned to the other 50% of Submitters and the process begins anew.
Promotions by Submitters When 3 distinct Submitters promote the image, it moves on to the next stage of the process: evaluation for Top Pick status. This requirement, in addition to anonymization of images and distribution to only a subset of them, prevents biases and ensures that the best images are selected.
Promotions by Reviewers When 3 distinct Reviewers promote the image, it moves on to the next stage of the process: evaluation for IOTD status.
Early dismissal Staff members have a lot of images to inspect on a daily basis, and they can dismiss images if they believe they don't meet the requirements for IOTD/TP selection. If an image is dismissed 5 times, it's removed from the process. This streamlines the process and ensures that any bias present in promotions could be overruled by other staff members.

Status	Basic success
Started	...
Astrometry.net job	6486223
PixInsight job	n/a
PixInsight queue size	n/a
PixInsight stage	n/a

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