Celestial hemisphere:  Northern  ·  Constellation: Andromeda (And)  ·  Contains:  Andromeda Galaxy  ·  M 110  ·  M 31  ·  M 32  ·  NGC 205  ·  NGC 221  ·  NGC 224  ·  The star 32 And
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The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton
The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB]
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The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB]

Getting plate-solving status, please wait...
The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton
The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB]
Powered byPixInsight

The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB]

Equipment

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Acquisition details

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Description

This is a 2-panel mosaic of Andromeda which I took from 3 different locations in two states and it is one of my most extensive projects to date. I started this from a local Bortle 2 Star Party which was hastily organized at the end of August where I captured Luminance, captured the RGB and Ha (7nm) from my Bortle 4 home, and finally ended the project with another night of Luminance at the OkieTex Star Party in late September. My primary motivation in shooting this as a mosaic was avoidance of yet another generic diagonal M31 image - I think giving the galaxy some framing on all sides just looks better.

Challenges associated with this project can be found by following the attached link to my website Astronewton.com, but I will say here that, as with every other new imaging project, I learned a lot. Unfortunately my experimentation in new techniques led to an extensive delay between image capture and releasing this final image.

Pre-Processing:
- Darks & Flats Calibration, Cosmic Correction
- Subframe Selection & Local Normalization
- Star Align of all channels to the best Ha frame of each panel
- 2x Drizzle Integration

Housekeeping:
- Common Crop per panel
- Combined into Mosaic per Light Vortex Tutorials page
- Second crop
- DBE for each channel
- RGB Combine
- Photometric Color Calibration
- HDR combine of 240s, 120s into Master Light channel (also used Ha image for finer core detail)



Ha+R & L:
- Copied Ha image, ran STF stretch
- Starnet to remove stars, creation of Star Mask
- Erosion and removal of stars on Linear Ha image
- Isolation of Ha from Red Continuum, addition to Red channel using PixelMath
- Background Neutralization of HaRGB
- Same process for adding isolated Hydrogen to Luminance master

Main Processing:
- HSV Repair on HaRGB
- TGVD, MMT noise reduction (Jon Rista method) on HaRGB, L
- SCNR for removing excessive green

Non-Linear:
- ArcSinH for L, HaRGB
- Histogram Transformation to match Histogram peaks
- LRGB Combine
Fine Tuning, or quite literally about 100 varying Curves, HDRMT, Histogram changes to correct:
- Addition of HDR detail into the brighter core using dust lane mask to preserve core luminosity)
- Masked brightening of larger pixel scale dust (per Inside PixInsight book)
- Color correction to "cool" Blue tones, turn pinkish Ha highlights more Red, and careful increase of color
- Finally, MT for star reduction



Notes for 2022 Reprocess:
 - Hα blended to both Red and Blue in a 1.0:0.3 ratio reflecting Balmer series emission lines

Comments

Revisions

    The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton
    Original
    The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton
    B
  • Final
    The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton
    D

B

Description: Annotated with numerous background PGC galaxies. A brief search of a random selection tells me many are just brighter than +16 magnitude

Uploaded: ...

D

Description: July 2022 Reprocess focused on more "accurate" color. An issue with the original project was it required numerously frustrating and delicate color tweaks to bring out the blue haze on the galaxy's edge, which were inexplicably difficult to bring out despite seemingly appearing in so many other photos of M31. However, learning more about stellar populations (namely, O and B-type stars being ~1% of total stellar populations) indicates to me that this blue color isn't as real as I thought. As a result, this reprocess is notably warmer in color (except for regions along the "nuclear ring" which feature more areas of stellar creation, naturally becoming a mix of blue and pink reflecting both younger/hotter stars and the pinkish Hα involved in their creation) and did not require nearly as much color editing - and the dimmer haze on the edge fades into more of a grey akin to much of the IFN we can see around our own galaxy.

Uploaded: ...

Sky plot

Sky plot

Histogram

The Andromeda Galaxy [LHARGB], Brent Newton

In these public groups

Central USA