NGC 1499 is an emission nebula approximately 100 light-years long and located only about 1,000 light-years away in the constellation of Perseus. Emission nebulae get their energetic glow from electrons recombining with atoms after they were stripped away by ionizing radiation from nearby stars (hydrogen is most common). The responsible star for this nebula is believed to be Xi Persei, a hot blue star which is unfortunately just off the top central part of my image.

When oriented 90 degrees from this orientation it resembles the State of California which it is commonly known as. It is a very popular object but only the second time for me - the first was four years ago. That was one of the first images I did with the Astronomik Ha Clip-In Filter. Ironically, I reprocessed that image eight months later when I tried PixInsight for the first time.  That PI version is a great improvement. It is hard to compare with this version since I used a modified Hubble Palette but I think it is better. I really like the sharp wispy dendrites scattered throughout the gold region of the Nebula.

I chose to do it using narrowband filters as I needed an object that could be done when the moon is out since that is the only time it has been clear in the last two months. The SII (sulfur) came out really well. The Ha (hydrogen) was ok but there were some gradients most likely caused by wispy clouds and poor transparency. The OIII (oxygen) was not that good at all - it was barely visible and noisy. Attached is a link to my website that has the stacked data.

(link, https://astroquest1.blogspot.com/2022/01/ngc-1499-california-nebula-nb-with-rgb.html). 

It may be that oxygen just is not that abundant in this nebula. The RGB data was pretty good, especially red, but I only used it for the stars.

As a result of the poor oxygen I did some PixelMath gymnastics to make a presentable combination. After numerous combinations with and without the oxygen I used: S - red; Ha - green; and S 40%, Ha 40%, OIII 20%. I use PixelMath for many other things as well such as bringing stars back and sharpening. Although I did not get the richness I hoped for, the stars came out well and the translucent detail was there. Also on the website link is the b&w luminosity layer. I attached it as some objects seem to show more detail in black and white in my opinion. This is one and the Horsehead in another.

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