This is the third and last installment of my infrared (IR) mini-project about the Maffei/IC342 Galaxy Group, executed using an IR sensitive color camera and a IR CUR Filter at 685nm.
Dwingeloo 1 follows my previous two IR images of Maffei 2 spiral galaxy and Maffei 1 elliptical galaxy. RGB image of IC 342 is here.
Dwingeloo 1 IR signal is so faint, that its detection happened through its radio emission, as described below.

Maffei Group is the closest galaxy group to our Local Group. However, being it placed exactly in line with Milky Way's equator, it is heavily obscured by our galaxy's dust and appears only in IR or radio images, with the exception of IC342 that, higher on galactic equator, is optically visible. The Italian astronomer Paolo Maffei, a pioneer on IR astronomy, broke the ice by discovering Maffei 1 and Maffei 2 in 1967 and 1968. Dwingeloo 1 and 2 were instead discovered later, in 1994, through the Dwingeloo Obscured Galaxy Survey (DOGS) run by the Dwingeloo Radio Observatory in the Netherlands. A radio image (see credit below) is proposed as overlay here. Note the coincidence of some filaments in the IR and radio images.

The final version of my image (version D) was recorded during the nights of December 13 and 17, 2022. Version C is the first issue based on one single night exposure (2h 12').
The radio overlay in revision E is an excerpt of the original by Tom Oosterloo & Gyula Jozsa published here.

Star with visible proper motion

In the upper right corner is visible a red star that has visibly changed the relative position to its optical neighbors in the period 2008-2022 (2008 and 2022 are the recording years respectively of the radio overlay and infrared take presented here. Just hover the mouse over the image to appreciate the position change. I have found no information in Simbad about this object, that I suppose being a red dwarf, pretty close to the sun.



Dwingeloo 1 (excerpted from Wikipedia)

Dwingeloo 1 is a barred spiral galaxy about 10 million light-years away from the Earth, in the constellation Cassiopeia. It lies in the Zone of Avoidance and is heavily obscured by the Milky Way. The size and mass of Dwingeloo 1 are comparable to those of Triangulum Galaxy. Dwingeloo 1 has two smaller satellite galaxies — Dwingeloo 2 and MB 3 — and is a member of the IC 342/Maffei Group of galaxies.

The Dwingeloo 1 galaxy was discovered in 1994 by the Dwingeloo Obscured Galaxy Survey (DOGS) using the Dwingeloo Radio Observatory in the Netherlands, which searched for neutral hydrogen (HI) radio emissions at the wavelength of 21cm from objects in the Zone of Avoidance. In this zone gas and dust in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy block the light from the galaxies lying behind it.
The galaxy was, however, first noted as an unremarkable feature on Palomar Sky Survey plates earlier in the same year, but was not recognized as such. It was also independently discovered a few weeks later by another team of astronomers working with Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope.
Dwingeloo 1 was eventually named after the 25m radio telescope in the Netherlands that was used in the DOGS survey and first detected it.

Dwingeloo 1 is a highly obscured galaxy, which makes distance determination a difficult problem.  As of 2011, the distance to Dwingeloo 1 is thought to be approximately 3 Mpc, based on its likely membership in the IC 342/Maffei group.

After the discovery Dwingeloo 1 was classified as a barred spiral galaxy. It has a central bar and two distinct spiral arms beginning from the ends of the bar at nearly right angle and wound counterclockwise (the arms move clockwise away from the bar). The length of the arms is up to 180°. The disk of the galaxy is inclined with respect to the observer, with the inclination angle being 50°. The galaxy recedes from the Milky Way at a speed of about 256 km/s.

The visible radius of Dwingeloo 1 is approximately 4.2', which at the distance of 3Mpc corresponds to about 4kpc. The neutral hydrogen is detected as far as 6kpc (7.5') from the center. The total mass of the galaxy is about 1/4 that of the Milky Way out to the measured distance of 6 kpc or about 31 billion Solar masses.