M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII (Steve Robbins)

M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII

This is a combination of an LRGB image in the center with the Ha and OIII data included outside the center for an LRGB/Narrowband combination. The Ha is in Red and OIII in Blue. The LRBG for the center provided better detail than the narrow band.

Ha 20X660sec

SII 20X660sec

OIII 20X660sec

L 287X37sec

R 82X150sec

G 76X150sec

B 88X150sec

Imaging occurred over several nights from 4/10/2021 to 6/16/2021

The Dumbbell Nebula at a distance of about 1360ly is a planetary nebula which is created by the center star, an intermediate mass star, expending a significant amount of its hydrogen and then ejecting it's outer layers into space eventually resulting in a white dwarf.

Once a sufficient amount of the outer layers are expelled, the resulting planetary nebula nucleus emits high energy ultraviolet light which ionizes the ejected mass causing it to appear colored. There are phases to the ejections that start with less material then increase over time.

The image we see here shows the earlier ejected material interacting with the later ejected material. The entire process is quite fast compared to the life of a star only requiring 10 to 20 thousand years.

One possible explanation for the non-symmetrical shape is that this star shed more of it's mass in it's equatorial plane than toward the poles early on. Non-symmetrical planetary nebula are common (i.e. NGC 3699). The latter, more violent mass ejection appears more symmetrical and has exceeded the distance from the star the earlier mass has reached.

The discovery of an emission line in the spectrum of planetary nebula at 500.7nm (the previously unknown emission line for OIII which only occurs at very low densities) is one way planetary nebula were shown to be different than galaxies. Our sun is expected to go through a similar change in the distant future.

The refractors!
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Astrometry.net job	4659442
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M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII

M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII

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M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII

M27 Dumbbell Nebula LRGB HaSIIOIII

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