Celestial hemisphere:  Northern  ·  Constellation: Hercules (Her)  ·  Contains:  PK047+42.1
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Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage
Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage

Abell 39

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Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage
Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage

Abell 39

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Description

I redid this PN when it came into view to see if I could see any of the asymmetries noted in the Wikipedia article below.


To bring them out I did a few things, but the linear image was stretched with GHS like in my last two images.  NoiseXterminator was used in both linear then non-linear., i.e. before and after GHS.

The cross-over (Symmetry) point was set to the dull interior body of the PN.

Basic methods for GHS are in this image:


M 5 Using Generalized Hyperbolic Stretch




Wikipedia:


Abell 39
is a low surface brightnessplanetary nebula in the constellation of Hercules. It is the 39th entry in George Abell's 1966 Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae (and 27th in his 1955 catalog) of 86 old planetary nebulae which either Abell or Albert George Wilson discovered before August 1955 as part of the National Geographic Society - Palomar Observatory Sky Survey


It is estimated to be about 3,300 light-years from earth and 4,600 light-years above the Galactic plane. It is almost perfectly spherical and also one of the largest known spheres with a radius of about 1.3 light-years.Its central star is slightly west of center by about 2″ or 0.1 light-years.  This offset does not appear to be due to interaction with the interstellar medium, but instead, it is hypothesized that a small asymmetric mass ejection has accelerated the central star.  The mass of the central star is estimated to be about 0.61 M☉ with the material in the planetary nebula comprising an additional 0.6 M☉.


This planetary nebula has a nearly uniform spherical shell. However, the eastern limb of the nebula is 50% more luminous than the western limb. Additionally, irregularities in the surface brightness are seen across the face of the shell. The source of the east–west asymmetry is not known but it could be related to the offset of the central star.The central star is classified as a subdwarf O star with surface temperature of 8869K.The bright rim of the planetary nebula has an average thickness of about 10″.1 or about 0.34 light-years.


There is a faint halo that extends about 18″ beyond the bright rim giving a complete diameter of around 190″ under the assumption that this emission is uniform around the planetary nebula.This planetary nebula has been expanding for an estimated 22,100+1700
−1500
years, based on an assumed expansion velocity between 32 and 37 km/s and a 0.4 parsec radius.

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    Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage
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Abell 39, Jerry Yesavage

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Planetary Nebulae