Celestial hemisphere:  Southern  ·  Constellation: Orion (Ori)  ·  Contains:  46 Ori)  ·  46 eps Ori  ·  48 Ori  ·  48 sig Ori  ·  50 Ori)  ·  50 zet Ori  ·  Alnilam  ·  Alnitak  ·  B33  ·  Flame Nebula  ·  Horsehead nebula  ·  IC 431  ·  IC 432  ·  IC 434  ·  IC 435  ·  NGC 2023  ·  NGC 2024  ·  Orion  ·  Orion B  ·  PGC 147737  ·  PGC 178620  ·  PGC 3081028  ·  PGC 3081033  ·  PGC 3081040  ·  PGC 3081041  ·  PGC 3081043  ·  PGC 3081049  ·  PGC 3081050  ·  PGC 3097143  ·  Part of the constellation Orion (Ori)  ·  And 5 more.
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Horsehead & Flame Nebula (HaRGB filters), JDAstroPhoto
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Horsehead & Flame Nebula (HaRGB filters)

Getting plate-solving status, please wait...
Horsehead & Flame Nebula (HaRGB filters), JDAstroPhoto
Powered byPixInsight

Horsehead & Flame Nebula (HaRGB filters)

Equipment

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Acquisition details

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Description

This part of the sky, which is in the constellation Orion, at Orion's belt, is deep-rooted in my psyche.  Over 2 decades ago, my kids and I tried to see these Nebulas visually at San Diego Astronomy Association (SDAA) at Tierra Del Sol, Bortle 3 location.  Even with our 10" Schmidt Cassegrain telescope, it was very difficult to see.  It was barely visible with averted version and Hydrogen filters.  8 years later (2008) a colleague of mine from work that lived in Nashua, NH, showed me his monochrome image he took with his refractor and cooled CCD astrophotography camera.  It was absolutely breathtaking, even in monochrome.
Fast forward to today, and I revisit this 4 x 2.5 degree area at the rear of Orion's Belt in our Milky Way Galaxy which contains 7 different large nebulas.

IC 434 - very large Ha (Hydrogen) region which covers almost the entire Image. Sigma Orionis is the bright binary star (3/4 up at the top of the page) that is causing the Ha excitation with magnetic fields streaming the Ha. It is best captured with a Hydrogen Alpha (Ha) filter which creates a bandpass for hydrogen emissions which occur when a hydrogen electron falls from its third to second lowest energy level, 656.3 nano-meters (nm) bandpass 3nm width.  This is a very narrow frequency of light 654.8nm - 657.8nm in the Red color domain.  
B33 - Horsehead, Dark Nebula.  It outlines the Horsehead by blocking the Ha photons (light). The Horsehead (Dark Nebula) is interstellar dust that blocks or "absorbs" the light.  The very small bright areas at the base of the Horsehead are newly formed, or forming stars.  This is an active area of star formation.  

NGC 2024 - Flame Nebula is an emission nebula 1,500 light years from earth. The super bright star Alnitak right above the nebula is emitting high levels of ultraviolet energy in the Flame Nebula which is exiting all kinds of gases, including Hydrogen with dust lanes creating an exotic network within the Flame Nebula.  This region is also a very active star birthing region.  The emissions from the Nebula are full spectrum color.  So it is best captured in full color, Red, Green and Blue.

NGC 2023 is an emission and reflection nebula.  It is being illuminated by a forming star, Herbig Ae/Be star HD 37903.  The emissions from the Nebula are full spectrum color.  So it is best captured in full color, Red, Green and Blue.

IC431 is a reflection nebula.  The emissions from the Nebula are full spectrum color.  So it is best captured in full color, Red, Green and Blue.
IC432 is a reflection nebula.  The emissions from the Nebula are full spectrum color.  So it is best captured in full color, Red, Green and Blue.
IC435 is a reflection nebula.  The emissions from the Nebula are full spectrum color.  So it is best captured in full color, Red, Green and Blue.

Acquisition:
I captured this astronomical data using wide band (visible light) Red, Green, Blue and narrow band Ha filters over 6 nights, 11/23/2022, 11/25/2022, 12/21/2022, 12/22/2022, 12/23/2022, and 12/24/2022 from my backyard.  
Red - 36 Frames x 10minutes unguided = 6h 0min 0sec
Green - 36 Frames x 10 minutes unguided = 6h 0min 0sec
Blue - 33 Frames x 10 minutes unguided = 5h 30min 0 sec
Ha - 88 Frames x 10 minutes unguided = 14h 40min
Total Imaging Time = 32h 10min

Processing:
Because of these varied emissions I imaged this area with 4 filters.  Ha, Red, Green and Blue.  The color in this image, Red, Green and Blue was calibrated with the Gaia Spacecraft spectrophotometric measurements to ensure the colors you are seeing are representative of the true spectral properties of the nebulas and stars.  Therefore it is accurate to conclude, the blue stars are typically hotter and brighter, the red stars cooler and bigger.  Ha, which is in the Red color spectrum, was combined with red and also combined with luminance to complete the final image.  The detailed structure you see within the Ha region (around the Horsehead) comes from the Ha filter.

I've added a plate solving algorithm from PixInsight which overlays the image and identifies the objects in the Star Catalogs.  
The image is 61 million pixels (9576x6388). All the details are in the full resolution image so ensure that you get to see the star forming nebula regions at full resolution.    
Click on the image, Top right click on full resolution, After it loads, top right, click on "Fit to Window".  
For the galaxy hunters, all the NGC PGC objects identified in this image are galaxies, Hover your cursor over one of the catalog objects and click on the object and the full resolution image will come up, you will be able to identify the galaxies.

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Horsehead & Flame Nebula (HaRGB filters), JDAstroPhoto

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SDAA AISIG Group