Abell 39 is a low surface brightness planetary nebula in the constellation of Hercules. It is the 39th entry in George Abell's 1966 Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae (and 27th in his 1955 catalog) of 86 old planetary nebulae which either Abell or Albert George Wilson discovered before August 1955 as part of the National Geographic Society - Palomar Observatory Sky Survey. It is estimated to be about 6,800 light-years from earth and 4,600 light-years above the Galactic plane. It is almost perfectly spherical and also one of the largest known spheres with a radius of about 2.5 light-years.

Its central star is slightly west of center by about 2″ or 0.1 light-years. This offset does not appear to be due to interaction with the interstellar medium, but instead, it is hypothesized that a small asymmetric mass ejection has accelerated the central star. The mass of the central star is estimated to be about 0.61 M☉ with the material in the planetary nebula comprising an additional 0.6 M☉.

This planetary nebula has a nearly uniform spherical shell. However, the eastern limb of the nebula is 50% more luminous than the western limb. Additionally, irregularities in the surface brightness are seen across the face of the shell. The source of the east–west asymmetry is not known but it could be related to the offset of the central star.

The central star is classified as a subdwarf O star.

The bright rim of the planetary nebula has an average thickness of about 10″.1 or about 0.34 light-years. There is a faint halo that extends about 18″ beyond the bright rim giving a complete diameter of around 190″ under the assumption that this emission is uniform around the planetary nebula.

This planetary nebula has been expanding for an estimated 22,100 (more or less) years, based on an assumed expansion velocity between 32 and 37 km/s and a 0.78 parsec radius.

Background galaxies are visible near the nebula, and some can be seen through the translucent nebula.

Oxygen is only about half as abundant in the nebula as it is in our own sun. [Source: Wikipedia]

CAPTURE Information:

The image was captured with the iOptron CEM120 mount , the venerable Meade 12"LX200 SCT, and my Atik 383L+ mono CCD at F7.16 (2182mm FL). Image subs were taken through Astronomik's filters Lum, R, G and B.

All subs were done at 1x1 bin, -10C, at 10 minutes each.

IMAGE information -- 2020

Lum (600s): 65 subs (10.83hr) on Jul 9th,14th, 15th,16th, and 17th.

Red (600s): 20 subs (3.33hr) on Jul 9th,11th, and 14th.

Green(600s): 19 subs (3.17hr) on Jul 13th,and 14th.

Blue (600s): 19 subs (3.17hr) on Jul 12th,and 13th.

Processing was done with PixInsight, following (for the most part) kayronjm's tutorial of Feb. 24th from several years back. Only L was used to develop the Luminance image. R, G and B were collected for the color mix.

North is up (pretty sure), and this is a very slight crop due to the various movement of different subs.

COMMENTS:

This is a new target for me …. most of the low hanging fruit has been plucked. The object was a bit disappointing resulting in my likely having over processed it. Also note that some of the features mentioned in the above Wikipedia source simply do not show up in my image.

My old friend the "stippled" background is back. I should really send the camera back across the pond to Atik and get it cleaned ... we'll see.