Celestial hemisphere:  Southern  ·  Constellation: Puppis (Pup)  ·  Contains:  HD61819  ·  HD62000  ·  HD62146  ·  HD62289  ·  M 46  ·  NGC 2437  ·  NGC 2438  ·  PK231+04.1  ·  PK231+04.2
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M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard
M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard

M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB

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M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard
M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard

M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB

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Description

I have been chasing here the so-called Calabash Nebula, a tiny proto planetary nebula (PPN), visible in our picture as a red smudge just right to the central planetary nebula PK 231+04.2. It can be located with the aid of the mouse-over animation or with the magnified annotation in Revision B.
PPN make up a class of rare objects; rare because they live for a short period of time on their way to become full fledged planetaries.
The Calabash is a small and faint object, which showed up exclusively in the narrowband signal. This target is worth a further session (*) perhaps with an Sii filter, being the object rich in sulfur (for which reason it is called rotten egg nebula!).
Regarding instead the bigger planetary nebula PK 231+04.2, it was a nice surprise that some detail of the radial structure appeared by applying HDR to the brilliant core.

(*) 24 January 2024 update: doubling the HOO narrowband exposure time revealed a bit more of the pear shape of the Calabash.

In 2023 I imaged a larger field of this area  that extends beyond M47.

M 46
Also known as NGC 2437, is an open cluster of stars in the southern constellation of Puppis. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1771. It is about 5000 light-years away. There are an estimated 500 stars in the cluster with a combined mass of 453 M☉, and it is thought to be 250 million years old.

PK 231+04.2, NGC2438
NGC2438 is a planetary nebula. Parallax measurements by Gaia put the central star at a distance of roughly 1370 light years. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. NGC2438 appears to lie within the cluster M46, but it is most likely unrelated since it does not share the cluster's radial velocity and the distance estimates for the two objects are completely different.
The nebula consists of material ejected from the central star during the asymptotic giant branch stage, beginning some 8,500 years ago. The central star of this planetary nebula is a 17.7-magnitude white dwarf, with surface temperature of about 74700 °C. It is one of the hottest stars known.

Calabash Nebula, OH 231.84 +4.22
The Calabash Nebula, also known as the Rotten Egg Nebula because its high sulfur content, is a proto-planetary nebula (PPN) 1.4 light years long and located some 5000 light years from Earth in the constellation Puppis. The Calabash is almost certainly a member of the open cluster Messier 46, as it has the same distance, radial velocity, and proper motion. The central star is QX Puppis, a binary composed of a very cool Mira variable and an A-type main-sequence star.
Astronomers believe that 1000 years from now, the Calabash Nebula will become a fully developed planetary nebula.
In longer focal images, the nebula shows a shape that resembles the one of the Calabash gourd, as seen in picture 1 below, hence the name.

PK 231+04.1, Minkowski 1-18
I have not found much info about this PN, visible close to the top edge of the full field image in revision E. Simbad indicates the great distance of 4433 pc (14450 ly).

image.png
Picture: Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria), also known as bottle gourd, is a vine grown for its fruit. It can be either harvested young to be consumed as a vegetable, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil, container, or a musical instrument.

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    M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard
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Title: x3 v3

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M46 and the Calabash Nebula HO-RGB, Mau_Bard