Celestial hemisphere:  Northern  ·  Constellation: Canes Venatici (CVn)  ·  Contains:  HD108090  ·  NGC 4395  ·  PGC 2028573  ·  PGC 2029803  ·  PGC 2034956  ·  PGC 2035214  ·  PGC 2035635  ·  PGC 2036707  ·  PGC 2037918
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NGC 4395, whose black hole is small for super-massive, Aaron Freimark
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NGC 4395, whose black hole is small for super-massive

Getting plate-solving status, please wait...
NGC 4395, whose black hole is small for super-massive, Aaron Freimark
Powered byPixInsight

NGC 4395, whose black hole is small for super-massive

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Description

NGC 4395, 14 million light years away and powered by a super-massive black hole. But I was reading that the super-massive black hole is small. I should put "small" in quotes because it is small for super-massive. (I mean, who isn't?) The mass of the black hole is only — "only" — 300,000 times more than our sun.

I took this image over two nights, where I separately shot with color filters, hydrogen-alpha filters, and then black-and-white "luminosity." 320 separate frames, each two minutes exposure.

Ha, L, R, G, B
  1. Weighted Batch Preprocessing
  2. Dynamic Crop

L
  1. GraXpert to remove background gradient
  2. BlurXTerminator
  3. NoiseXTerminator
  4. HistogramTransformation to make non-linear
  5. StarXTerminator to move stars to another file
  6. RangeSelection to create two masks: a broader one with most of the galaxy, and a narrower one for just the core of the galaxy
  7. LocalHistogramEqualization with the broader mask, Radius=64, Limit=1.5, Amount=0.74
  8. LocalHistogramEqualization with the narrower mask, Radius=38, Limit=1.3, Amount=1
  9. UnsharpMask using the broader mask
  10. PixelMath to bring stars back: ~(~$T*~L_stars)

Ha
  1. GraXpert to remove background gradient
  2. BlurXTerminator
  3. StarXTerminator - discard stars
  4. NoiseXTerminator
  5. HistogramTransformation to make the image non-linear

R,G,B
  1. ChannelCombination
  2. GraXpert to remove background gradient
  3. ImageSolver
  4. SpectroPhotometricColorCalibration
  5. HistogramTransformation to make the image non-linear
  6. Convolution to blur everything and remove color noise
  7. LRGB Combination to apply L, with Saturation set to around 0.35
  8. Repeat LRGB Combination to further increase saturation, this time applying Chrominance Noise Reduction
  9. Apply broader range mask to show only bright galactic core
  10. PixelMath to screen in Ha:
  11. R: ~(~$T*~(0.8*Ha))
    G: $T
    B: $T

Comments

Sky plot

Sky plot

Histogram

NGC 4395, whose black hole is small for super-massive, Aaron Freimark