Celestial hemisphere:  Northern  ·  Constellation: Perseus (Per)  ·  Contains:  Barbell Nebula  ·  Cork Nebula  ·  Little Dumbbell Nebula  ·  M 76  ·  NGC 650
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M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula, niteman1946
M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula
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M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula

Getting plate-solving status, please wait...
M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula, niteman1946
M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula
Powered byPixInsight

M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula

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Description

M76, The Little Dumbbell Nebula, also known as NGC 650/651, or the Barbell Nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation Perseus. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780 and included in Charles Messier's catalog of comet-like objects as number 76. It was first recognized as a planetary nebula in 1918 by the astronomer Heber Doust Curtis. However, there is some contention to this claim, as Isaac Roberts in 1891 did suggest that M76 might be similar to the Ring Nebula (M57), being instead as seen from the side view. The structure is now classed as a bipolar planetary nebula. Distance to M76 is currently estimated as 2,500 light years, making the average dimensions about 1.23 ly. across.

The total nebula shines at the apparent magnitude of +10.1 with its central star or planetary nebula nucleus at +15.9v (16.1B) magnitude. The UV-light from the PNN is expanding outer layers that form the present nebula, and has the surface temperature of about 88,400 K. The whole planetary nebula is approaching us at 19.1 km/s.

The Little Dumbbell Nebula derives its common name from its resemblance to the Dumbbell Nebula (M27) in Vulpecula. It was originally thought to consist of two separate emission nebulae and was thus given two catalog numbers in the NGC 650 and 651. Some consider this object to be one of the faintest and hardest to see objects in Messier's list.  [Source: Wikipedia].

CAPTURE Information: 
The image was captured with the iOptron CEM120 mount , the venerable Meade 12"LX200 SCT, and my new QHY295m Pro mono cmos camera at F7.16 (2182mm FL).
Image subs were taken through Astronomik's narrowband filters of Ha, SII and OIII.

IMAGE information -- 2021
This is a combination of Ha, OIII and SII.
Ha : 59 subs (4.92 hrs.) on Dec 12th, 20th and 22nd
OIII : 40 subs (3.33 hrs.) on Dec 12th and 20th.
SII : 43 subs (3.58 hrs.) on Dec 12th, 20th, 21st and 22nd

All exposures were at 5 minutes (300s) each, 1x1 bin and -10C.

Each subs of Ha, SII and OIII were individually integrated, then merged, and lastly combined. The three assemblies then created the Hubble Palette, using PixelMath and the following “SHO” formula:
Red = SII
Grn = Ha
Blu = OIII

Luminance was generated using only subs from the Ha filter.
Processing was done with PixInsight, following (for the most part) kayronjm's tutorial of Feb. 24th from several years back. Credit also goes to Rick Stevenson’s Color Mask Script and Christopher Gomez’s tutorial.

COMMENTS:
North is up (pretty sure, or not), and this is a substantial crop (about 50%) due to the small size of the target.

I had previously done this object in Fall of 2019 using my now decommissioned Atik 282L+ ccd and mostly in RGB. 

I continue with the "shake down" voyage of my new QHY294m Pro mono cmos camera.  I now have better control over the “gain” setting and have the Lights, Bias, Flats and Darks at Gain of 1600. Interestingly, I just had a conversation with very good imager, Francesco Meschia, who uses a different brand, but same sensor as my QHY.  Based on my experience so far, and Francesco’s input, I believe I’ll stay with using Bias as opposed to Flat-Darks.  The Bias seem to be properly processing the subs during calibration, and they are easier to manage than the Dark-Flats.

The process using PixInsight includes the Starnet tool.  This tool will (almost completely) remove stars from the in-process image.  By having the stars out of the way, it is much easier to massage the image than with stars in place.  In this case (as opposed to the previous Fish Head Nebula), I added the starnet-removed stars back into the color image at its process end.  There definitely produced a better star color with this process.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
Amazingly, my long lost Atik 383L+ mono ccd camera showed up in the mail this week.  I truly never expected to see it again.  Not sure what I’m going to do about it.

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M76 (NGC650 and NGC651) The Little Dumbbell Nebula, niteman1946