Celestial hemisphere:  Northern  ·  Constellation: Ursa Major (UMa)  ·  Contains:  Bode's Galaxy  ·  Cigar Galaxy  ·  M 81  ·  M 82  ·  NGC 3031  ·  NGC 3034
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Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82), Tõrva Astronoomiaklubi
Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82)
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Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82)

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Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82), Tõrva Astronoomiaklubi
Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82)
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Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82)

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Description

Messier 81 (also known as NGC 3031 or Bode's Galaxy) is a grand design spiral galaxy about 12 millionlight-years away in the constellationUrsa Major. It has a D25 isophotal diameter of 29.44 kiloparsecs (96,000 light-years). Because of its relative proximity to the Milky Way galaxy, large size, and active galactic nucleus (which harbors a 70 million M☉supermassive black hole), Messier 81 has been studied extensively by professional astronomers. The galaxy's large size and relatively high brightness also makes it a popular target for amateur astronomers. In late February 2022, astronomers reported that M81 may be the source of FRB 20200120E, a repeating fast radio burst.

Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034Cigar Galaxy or M82) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellationUrsa Major. It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group, with the D25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years). It is about five times more luminous than the Milky Way and its central region is about one hundred times more luminous. The starburst activity is thought to have been triggered by interaction with neighboring galaxy M81. As one of the closest starburst galaxies to Earth, M82 is the prototypical example of this galaxy type. SN 2014J, a type Ia supernova, was discovered in the galaxy on 21 January 2014. In 2014, in studying M82, scientists discovered the brightest pulsar yet known, designated M82 X-2.

In Estonian: 

Tuntud galaktikapaar Ursa Majori tähtkujus. Vasakul avastaja järgi Bode nime kandev galaktika (Messier 81) ja paremal kuju järgi Sigariks kutsutud galaktika (Messier 82). Mõlemad galaktikad asuvad meile suhteliselt lähedal - "kõigest" 12 miljoni valgusaasta kaugusel. Kui neist esimene on klassikaline spiraalgalaktika, läbimõõduga umbes 90 tuhat valgusaastat, siis Sigar on prototüüpne tähepurske galaktika ehk galaktika, milles käib maruline täheteke. Selle põhjustajaks arvatakse olevat Sigari kosmilises mõttes hiljutine möödumine Bodest, mis häiris suhtelises gravitatsioonilises tasakaalus viibivat galaktikasisest vesinikgaasi. Selle tulemusel särab Linnuteest umbes kümmekond korda väiksem Sigar sellest viis korda heledamalt ja selle tuum lausa sada korda heledamalt. Sigari puhul on näha ka selle keskmest väljaulatuvaid tuhandeid valgusaastaid pikki punakaid vesinikgaasi filamente. Lisaks kahele suurele galaktikale on Bode orbiidil näha selle pisikest satelliitgalaktikat Holmberg IX.

Pildistatud 2024. aasta märtsi alguses Tõrvas.

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Bode and Cigar galaxy (M81 and M82), Tõrva Astronoomiaklubi