Celestial hemisphere:  Southern  ·  Constellation: Orion (Ori)  ·  Contains:  49 Ori)  ·  IC 430  ·  The star Mizan Batil III (d Ori
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Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430, José Manuel López Arlandis
Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430
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Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430

Getting plate-solving status, please wait...
Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430, José Manuel López Arlandis
Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430
Powered byPixInsight

Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430

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Description

In the southwest of M42, in Orion and in the direction of the star Saiph, a cloud of gas and dust extends that radially reaches the Barnard loop. It is called Lynds (LDN) 1641. It is a region that contains reflection nebulae and numerous low-mass stellar objects: HH objects and young stellar objects (protostars, T Tauri stars and Herbig Ae/Be stars). At 1/3 of the distance between M42 and Saiph (about 2º), are the reflection nebulae IC 429 and IC 430, in continuity with each other and about 1400 light years away. IC 429, in the far northeast, is the smallest and brightest nebula, with an apparent size of 1' x 0.25'. Its end has been defined as a cometary nebula, which extends towards the southeast, expanding the supposed “tail”, in continuity with IC 430. This is larger, with a size of 9' x 8'. Next to the northwest edge of IC 429 is a small red star. This is V883. The whole image is dominated by the bright star 49 d Ori (HIP 26563) of type SB* and magnitude 4.93, located to the southeast of the nebula. However, it is not this star that gives the nebula its brightness, but the small star located in the northwest corner. 

The color of the photograph was obtained by integrating the H and R images and assigning them to the R channel. The luminance is a mixture of H and R. In the image, above and somewhat to the right, is the small nebula IC 429, brighter and with a reddish-orange hue. A great tail widens and extends towards the great star 49 d Ori. Several Herbig-Haro objects and early-stage stars (Young Stellar Objects) are observed. The appearance of the image clearly changed with the HII signal. The HII master showed a different structure than the R master, with little representation of the tail of the nebula (IC 430) and the appearance of dust clouds not visible in RGB, artifacted in the center by the reflection of 49 d Ori. 

I had difficulties annotating the image because I was not clear about the nomenclature of the different objects. I didn't know what the stars called Haro 4-#  were, and I confused Haro 13a with the object HH 13,  which is not even in this region. I turned to old articles, and I hope my review fits the reality and be useful:

1) Herbig-Haro objects were easy to identify. These are newly formed stars whose emission ionizes the surrounding gas, giving rise to peculiar reddish irregular shapes. Haro published his first and only list with 43 objects in 1974 (1). Today more than a thousand are known. They are named as HH, followed by a number, and a capital letter in case the object has several elements (A, B, C...). In Aladin they are identified as H-H #.
2) The stars named Haro #-# are stars with emission line Ha. Guillermo Haro published in 1952 (2) a list of such stars located in the constellation of Orion. In their 1991 review, Brandt and Wouterloot (3) named the stars of Haro and others located in Orion as Haro4-#. In Aladin they appear as Haro 4-#. The entry Haro # in Aladin refers to the catalog of 44 blue galaxies with emission lines discovered by Guillermo Haro in 1956 (4). In Aladdin the Haro stars appear as Young Stellar Objects (YSO), a term that includes stars that have not yet reached the main sequence, both protostars , T Tauri stars and Herbig Ae/Be stars. The star Haro 4-249 in the photograph, despite its nebular appearance, is a YSO, not an HH object.
3) What are IC429/IC430/Haro 13a/V883? G. Haro, in his 1952  article on stars with Ha emission (2), included a table of “Peculiar objects in the Orion region”, with 14 objects named Haro #a (Haro 1a, Haro 2a…). In it he defined the Haro 13a object as “Probably a new faint cometary nebula with an infrared star at the apex”. In 1974 Guillermo Haro published his list of HH objects (1). He named 43 objects (HH-1, HH2… up to 43). The HH-13 object did not appear in the list of HH objects, although it did appear in comments such as “It is a very faint smudge of uncertain type”. However HH 13 is in Perseus, near NGC 1333, and has nothing to do with Haro 13a. A year later, in 1975, Allen (5) identified Haro 13a with IC 430, and when he did not find that it emitted in Ha, he concluded that its nebulosity was reflection. It included the small nebula and the star V883 in the same object. In Brandl's 1991 revision (3), Haro 13a appears as a candidate for HH object. At the current time, Haro 13a is considered a reflection nebula, not an HH object.
4) Are IC 429 and IC 430 the same object? Currently IC430 and IC429 are classified as reflection nebulae (6). These are two related, but different objects. By mistake, a 2009 edition of the NGC catalog gave both IC entries for the same object. The error has been resolved, but it still causes misunderstandings-. V388 is a protostar with an estimated age of only 500,000 years. It is a variable star, magnitude 14.6-15.6. In 2016 it was discovered that its accretion disk contained water, which is crucial to understanding the origin of water in asteroids and planets.

References:

 1- Herbig G.H. Draft Catalog of Herbig-Haro objects.  Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 658 (1974). https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1974LicOB.658....1H
2- Haro, G. Hα Emission Stars and Peculiar Objects in the Orion Nebula. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 117, p.73 (1952). https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1953ApJ...117...73H
3- J. Brandl and J.G.A. Wouterloot. Low Mass Star Formation in Orion.In:  Reipurth, B. (ed.). Low Mass Star Formation in Southern Molecular Clouds. ESO Scientific Report No. 11. November 1991.  P. 1-58. https://www.eso.org/sci/libraries/historicaldocuments/Scientific_Reports/Scientific_Report_11.pdf
4 -  Haro, G. Nota preliminar sobre galaxias azules con líneas de emisión. Boletín de los observatorios de Tonantzintla y Tacubaya. Vol. 2, No. 14. 1956.  https://www.inaoep.mx/~ydm/Haro/BOTT..2-14_gharo2.pdf
5- Allen, D. A., Strom, K. M., Grasdalen, G. L., Strom, S. E., & Merrill, K. M. Haro 13a: a luminous, heavily obscured star in Orion? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. Vol. 173, p. 47P - 50P. https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1975MNRAS.173P..47A
6- Courtney Seligman. Celestial Atlas. Updated Aug 15, 2023.. https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic4.htm


ANNOTATED IMAGE

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MASTER  R

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MASTER H

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Red jewels around the reflection nebula IC 430, José Manuel López Arlandis